Publications | INBRAIN Laboratory — INBRAIN Laboratory

Recent work

Differences in brain structure and function after traumatic musculoskeletal injury

Anterior cruciate ligament rupture was associated with persistent motor deficits, elevated corticospinal excitability during behavioral skeletomotor activity, and structural reorganization within sensorimotor brain regions. Intermittent theta burst stimulation revealed injury-specific physiological responses consistent with homeostatic metaplasticity and partially normalized corticomotor function.

Article
Structural connectome disruptions in military personnel with mTBI and PTSD

We used graph theory to characterize alterations in cortical structural connectivity in active duty service members with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), or both. PTSD was associated with more segregated and locally efficient global networks, whereas mTBI-PTSD showed distinct frontolimbic disruptions, indicating partially dissociable structural network signatures that may underlie shared symptoms but divergent clinical presentations.

Article
Physical activity, corticospinal excitability, and resilience during military operational stress

We examined interactions among corticospinal excitability (CSE), physical activity, and resilience during a 5-day simulated military operational stress protocol involving severe sleep and caloric restriction. Service members with higher baseline lower-limb CSE were more physically active and performed better on military-specific tasks despite comparable psychophysiological strain.

Article
Proteomic biomarkers of bone adaptation during Army basic combat training

We developed and optimized a label-free quantitative proteomics approach to identify urinary biomarkers associated with adaptive changes in bone during Army Basic Combat Training. More than 1,000 urinary proteins were quantified, with 74 showing consistent training-related changes and two immune-related proteins distinguishing individuals who gained versus did not gain bone volume. These findings support the feasibility of scalable, noninvasive monitoring of bone health in real-world settings.

Article
Psychophysiological effects of daily non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation

Daily transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) produced cumulative and persistent improvements in executive function in healthy adults, with the strongest effects on more difficult tasks and stimuli. Cognitive effects were accompanied by coordinated alterations in autonomic physiology, including pupil size, skin conductance, and heart rate, highlighting sex-dependent responses and supporting taVNS as a safe method for modulating cognitive and autonomic function.

Preprint

Publications

2025

Krajewski KT, Johnson CC, Mi Q, Flanagan SD, Anderst WJ, Connaboy C. (2025). Effects of Load Carriage on Lateral Stepping Regulation During Forced-Marching. J Biomech. 184:112672. PMID: 40188678.
Canino MC, Arvin N, Nachazel Z, Irrgang JJ, Popchak A, Musahl V, Sterczala AJ, Flanagan SD. (2025). Relating Cortical Morphology, Corticospinal Excitability, Corticomotor Representation, and Quadriceps Strength After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury. Exp Brain Res. 243(4):105. PMID: 40167640.
Eagle SR, Kontos AP, Flanagan SD, Connaboy C. (2025). Association of Risk-Taking Behaviors, Vestibular Provocation and Action Boundary Perception Following Sport-Related Concussion in Adolescents. Brain Sci. 15(3):229. PMID: 40149751.
Krajewski KT, Johnson CC, Mi Q, Flanagan SD, Anderst WJ, Connaboy C. (2025). Examining Planar Contributions to Knee Total Joint Moment Between Women and Men During Loaded Gait Tasks. Orthop J Sports Med. 13(3). PMID: 40115593.
Foulis SA, Proctor SP, Spiering BA, Walker LA, Guerriere AK, Castellani CM, Hussian IM, Heaton KJ, Bouxsein ML, Gaffney-Stomberg E, Fraley AL, Popp KL, Davis IS, Staab JS, Staab JE, Judkins JL, Merkle SL, Ritland BM, Matheny RW Jr, Hauret KG, Canham-Chervak M, McClung JP, Jones BH, Friedl KE, Hughes JM, Taylor KM, ARIEM Reduction in Musculoskeletal Injury (ARMI) Study Team. (2025). Model for Musculoskeletal Injury Risk Factors Among US Army Basic Combat Trainees. JAMA Netw Open. 8(6):e2513177. PMID: 40455447.

2024

Comstock BA, Flanagan SD, Denegar CR, Newton RU, Häkkinen K, Volek JS, Maresh CM, Kraemer WJ. (2024). Structural and Functional Properties of Lower Extremity Tendons in Men. J Strength Cond Res. 2024 Nov 5. PMID: 39495303.
Hougland JR, Proessl F, Meglino N, Canino MC, Sterczala AJ, Connaboy C, Nindl BC, Flanagan SD. (2024). Agreement and Consistency of Absolute and Relative Corticospinal Stimulus–Response Curves for Upper, Lower, and Axial Musculature in Healthy Adults. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2024 Aug 2. PMID: 39090794.
Feigel ED, Sterczala AJ, Krajewski KT, Sekel NM, Lovalekar M, Peterson PA, Koltun KJ, Flanagan SD, Connaboy C, Martin BJ, Wardle SL, O'Leary TJ, Greeves JP, Nindl BC. (2024). Physiological Characteristics Predictive of Passing Military Physical Employment Standard Tasks for Ground Close Combat Occupations in Men and Women. Eur J Sport Sci. 2024 Jul 5. PMID: 38967991.
Flanagan SD, Hougland JR, Zeng X, Cantrell PS, Sun M, Jones-Laughner J, Canino MC, Hughes JM, Foulis SA, Taylor KM, Walker LA, Guerriere KI, Sterczala AJ, Connaboy C, Beckner ME, Matheny RW, Nindl BC. (2024). Urinary Proteomic Biomarkers of Trabecular Bone Volume Change During Army Basic Combat Training. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2024 May 15. PMID: 38758530.
Johnson CC, Dzewaltowski AC, Dever DE, Krajewski KT, Rai A, Ahamed NU, Allison KF, Flanagan SD, Graham SM, Lovalekar M, Anderst WJ, Connaboy C. (2024). Load Carriage Changes Tibiofemoral Arthrokinematics During Ambulatory Tasks in Recruit-Aged Women. Sci Rep. 14(1):9542. PMID: 38664550.
Sterczala AJ, Rodriguez-Ortiz N, Feigel ED, Krajewski KT, Martin BJ, Sekel NM, Lovalekar M, Kargl CK, Koltun KJ, Van Eck C, Flanagan SD, Connaboy C, Wardle SL, O'Leary TJ, Greeves JP, Nindl BC. (2024). Skeletal Muscle Adaptations to High-Intensity, Low-Volume Concurrent Resistance and Interval Training in Recreationally Active Men and Women. Physiol Rep. 12(6):e15953. PMID: 38490811.
Conkright WR, Kargl CK, Hubal MJ, Tiede DR, Beckner ME, Sterczala AJ, Krajewski KT, Martin BJ, Flanagan SD, Greeves JP, O'Leary TJ, Wardle SL, Sahu A, Ambrosio F, Nindl BC. (2024). Acute Resistance Exercise Modifies Extracellular Vesicle miRNAs Targeting Anabolic Gene Pathways: A Prospective Cohort Study. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2024 Feb 12. PMID: 38377006.
Koltun KJ, Sterczala AJ, Sekel NM, Krajewski KT, Martin BJ, Lovalekar M, Wardle SL, O'Leary TJ, Greeves JP, Flanagan SD, Connaboy C, Nindl BC. (2024). Effect of Acute Resistance Exercise on Bone Turnover in Young Adults Before and After Concurrent Resistance and Interval Training. Physiol Rep. 12(3):e15906. PMID: 38296351.

2023

Sinnott AM, Kochick VL, Eagle SR, Trbovich AM, Collins MW, Sparto PJ, Flanagan SD, Elbin RJ, Connaboy C, Kontos AP. (2023). Comparison of Physiological Outcomes After Dynamic Exertion Between Athletes at Return to Sport From Concussion and Controls: Preliminary Findings. J Sci Med Sport. 26(12):682-687. PMID: 37793956.
Sterczala AJ, Krajewski KT, Peterson PA, Sekel NM, Lovalekar M, Wardle SL, O'Leary TJ, Greeves JP, Flanagan SD, Connaboy C, Nindl BC. (2023). Twelve Weeks of Concurrent Resistance and Interval Training Improves Military Occupational Task Performance in Men and Women. Eur J Sport Sci. 2023 Jul 30:1-14. PMID: 37517090.
Krajewski KT, Beethe AZ, Dever DE, Johnson CD, Nindl BC, Lovalekar MT, Flanagan SD, Connaboy C. (2023). Hydrodynamic Flow Characteristics of a Recirculating Pool: Examining the Ecological Validity for Training and Testing. J Strength Cond Res. 37(10):2023-2031. PMID: 37729515.
Main LC, McLoughlin LT, Flanagan SD, Canino MC, Banks S. (2023). Monitoring Cognitive Function in the Fatigued Warfighter: A Rapid Review of Cognitive Biomarkers. J Sci Med Sport. 26 Suppl 1:S54-S63. PMID: 37236820.
Sinnott AM, Eagle SR, Kochick V, Preszler J, Collins MW, Sparto PJ, Flanagan SD, Elbin RJ, Connaboy C, Kontos AP. (2023). Test–Retest, Interrater Reliability, and Minimal Detectable Change of the Dynamic Exertion Test (EXiT) for Concussion. Sports Health. 15(3):410-421. PMID: 35678147.
Perrey S, Flanagan SD. (2023). Editorial: Understanding the Effects of Transcranial Current Stimulation on the Locomotor and Musculoskeletal Systems. Front Hum Neurosci. 17:1189405. PMID: 37113320.
Krajewski KT, Johnson CC, Ahamed NU, Moir GL, Mi Q, Flanagan SD, Anderst WJ, Connaboy C. (2023). Recruit-Aged Adults May Preferentially Weight Task Goals Over Deleterious Cost Functions During Short Duration Loaded and Imposed Gait Tasks. Sci Rep. 13(1):4910. PMID: 36966216.
LaGoy AD, Conkright WR, Proessl F, Sinnott AM, Beckner ME, Jabloner L, Eagle SR, Sekel NM, Roma PG, Dretsch MN, Flanagan SD, Mi Q, Nindl BC, Germain A, Connaboy C, Ferrarelli F. (2023). Less Daytime Sleepiness and Slow Wave Activity During Sleep Predict Better Physical Readiness in Military Personnel. Sleep Health. 9(1):93-99. PMID: 36503874.
Sekel NM, Beckner ME, Conkright WR, LaGoy AD, Proessl F, Lovalekar M, Martin BJ, Jabloner LR, Beck AL, Eagle SR, Dretsch M, Roma PG, Ferrarelli F, Germain A, Flanagan SD, Connaboy C, Haufler AJ, Nindl BC. (2023). Military Tactical Adaptive Decision Making During Simulated Military Operational Stress Is Influenced by Personality, Resilience, Aerobic Fitness, and Neurocognitive Function. Front Psychol. 14:1102425. PMID: 36844343.

2022

LaGoy AD, Sinnott AM, Eagle SR, Beckner ME, Conkright WR, Proessl F, Williams J, Dretsch MN, Flanagan SD, Nindl BC, Lovalekar M, Germain A, Ferrarelli F, Connaboy C. (2022). Combined Effects of Time-of-Day and Simulated Military Operational Stress on Perception–Action Coupling Performance. Chronobiol Int. 39(11):1485-1497. PMID: 36131615.
Sinnott AM, Krajewski KT, LaGoy AD, Beckner ME, Proessl F, Canino MC, Nindl BC, Turner RL, Lovalekar MT, Connaboy C, Flanagan SD. (2022). Prevention of Lower Extremity Musculoskeletal Injuries in Tactical and First Responder Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials From 1955 to 2020. J Strength Cond Res. 2022 Aug 25. PMID: 36026481.
Conkright WR, Beckner ME, Sterczala AJ, Mi Q, Lovalekar M, Sahu A, Krajewski KT, Martin BJ, Flanagan SD, Greeves JP, O'Leary TJ, Wardle SL, Ambrosio F, Nindl BC. (2022). Resistance Exercise Differentially Alters Extracellular Vesicle Size and Subpopulation Characteristics in Healthy Men and Women: An Observational Cohort Study. Physiol Genomics. 54(9):350-359. PMID: 35816651.
Beckner ME, Conkright WR, Mi Q, Martin B, Sahu A, Flanagan SD, Ledford AK, Wright M, Susmarski A, Ambrosio F, Nindl BC. (2022). Neuroendocrine, Inflammatory, and Extracellular Vesicle Responses During the Navy Special Warfare Screener Selection Course. Physiol Genomics. 54(8):283-295. PMID: 35695270.
Sterczala AJ, Pierce JR, Barnes BR, Urso ML, Matheny RW, Scofield DE, Flanagan SD, Maresh CM, Zambraski EJ, Kraemer WJ, Nindl BC. (2022). Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Biocompartmentalization Across Blood, Interstitial Fluid and Muscle Before and After 3 Months of Chronic Resistance Exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985). 133(1):170-182. PMID: 35678743.
Beckner ME, Conkright WR, Sahu A, Mi Q, Clemens ZJ, Flanagan SD, Ferrarelli F, Ambrosio F, Nindl BC. (2022). Utility of Extracellular Vesicles as a Potential Biological Indicator of Physiological Resilience During Military Operational Stress. Physiol Rep. 10(7):e15219. PMID: 35373929.
Beckner ME, Conkright WR, Sahu A, Mi Q, Clemens ZJ, Lovalekar M, Flanagan SD, Martin BJ, Ferrarelli F, Ambrosio F, Nindl BC. (2022). Men and Women Display Distinct Extracellular Vesicle Biomarker Signatures in Response to Military Operational Stress. J Appl Physiol (1985). 132(5):1125-1136. PMID: 35297690.
Sinnott AM, Eagle SR, Kochick V, Preszler J, Collins MW, Sparto PJ, Flanagan SD, Elbin RJ, Connaboy C, Kontos AP. (2022). The Role of Age, Sex, Body Mass Index, and Sport Type on the Dynamic Exertion Test in Healthy Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Study. Clin J Sport Med. 2022 Mar 29. PMID: 35350035.
Canino MC, Dunn-Lewis C, Proessl F, LaGoy AD, Hougland JR, Beck AL, Vaughan GP, Sterczala AJ, Connaboy C, Kraemer WJ, Flanagan SD. (2022). Finding a Rhythm: Relating Ultra-Short-Term Heart Rate Variability Measures in Healthy Young Adults During Rest, Exercise, and Recovery. Auton Neurosci. 239:102953. PMID: 35168077.
Proessl F, Canino MC, Beckner ME, Sinnott AM, Eagle SR, LaGoy AD, Conkright WR, Sterczala AJ, Midhe Ramkumar PP, Sciavolino BM, Connaboy C, Ferrarelli F, Germain A, Nindl BC, Flanagan SD. (2022). Use-Dependent Corticospinal Excitability Is Associated With Resilience and Physical Performance During Simulated Military Operational Stress. J Appl Physiol (1985). 132(1):187-198. PMID: 34855522.

2021

Beethe AZ, Flanagan SD, Lovalekar M, Fisher LE, Nindl BC, Connaboy C. (2021). The Bilateral Deficit Phenomenon in Elbow Flexion: Explanations for Its Inconsistent Occurrence and Detection. Percept Mot Skills. 2021 Dec 16:315125211060953. PMID: 34913749.
LaGoy AD, Cashmere JD, Beckner ME, Eagle SR, Sinnott AM, Conkright WR, Miller E, Derrow C, Dretsch MN, Flanagan SD, Nindl BC, Connaboy C, Germain A, Ferrarelli F. (2021). A Trait of Mind: Stability and Robustness of Sleep Across Sleep Opportunity Manipulations During Simulated Military Operational Stress. Sleep. 2021 Aug 25. PMID: 34432067.
Beethe AZ, Ahamed NU, Connaboy C, Lovalekar M, Fisher LE, Nindl BC, Flanagan SD. (2021). Differences in Compound Muscle Activation Patterns Explain Upper Extremity Bilateral Deficits. Hum Mov Sci. 79:102851. PMID: 34333306.
Dever DE, Krajewski KT, Johnson CC, Allison KF, Ahamed NU, Lovalekar M, Mi Q, Flanagan SD, Anderst WJ, Connaboy C. (2021). Increases in Load Carriage Magnitude and Forced Marching Change Lower-Extremity Coordination in Physically Active, Recruit-Aged Women. J Appl Biomech. 2021 May 29:1-8. PMID: 34051696.
Krajewski KT, Allen IT, Johnson CC, Dever DE, Ahamed NU, Flanagan SD, Mi Q, Anderst WJ, Connaboy C. (2021). Loaded Forced-Marching Shifts Mechanical Contributions Proximally and Disrupts Stride-to-Stride Joint Work Modulation in Recruit Aged Women. Gait Posture. 88:22-27. PMID: 33957553.
Beckner ME, Conkright WR, Eagle SR, Martin BJ, Sinnott AM, LaGoy AD, Proessl F, Lovalekar MT, Jabloner LR, Roma PG, Basner M, Ferrarelli F, Germain A, Flanagan SD, Connaboy C, Nindl BC. (2021). Impact of Simulated Military Operational Stress on Executive Function Relative to Trait Resilience, Aerobic Fitness, and Neuroendocrine Biomarkers. Physiol Behav. 113413. PMID: 33811909.
Conkright WR, Beckner ME, Sinnott AM, Eagle SR, Martin BJ, Lagoy AD, Proessl F, Lovalekar MT, Doyle TLA, Agostinelli P, Sekel NM, Flanagan SD, Germain A, Connaboy C, Nindl BC. (2021). Neuromuscular Performance and Hormonal Responses to Military Operational Stress in Men and Women. J Strength Cond Res. 2021 Mar 25. PMID: 33780395.
Dunn-Lewis C, Dell'aquila MP, Flanagan SD. (2021). Men and Women Trainers Equally Effective at Promoting Exercise Adherence, Self-Efficacy, and Fitness in Women. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2021 Mar 5. PMID: 33666072.
Proessl F, Beckner ME, Sinnott AM, Eagle SR, LaGoy AD, Conkright WR, Canino MC, Sterczala AJ, Midhe Ramkumar PP, Sciavolino BM, Connaboy C, Ferrarelli F, Germain A, Nindl BC, Flanagan SD. (2021). Reliability of Corticospinal Excitability Estimates for the Vastus Lateralis: Practical Considerations for Lower Limb TMS Task Selection. Brain Res. 1761:147395. PMID: 33662340.
Flanagan SD, Proessl F, Dunn-Lewis C, Sterczala AJ, Connaboy C, Canino MC, Beethe AZ, Eagle SR, Szivak TK, Onate JA, Volek JS, Maresh CM, Kaeding CC, Kraemer WJ. (2021). Differences in Brain Structure and Theta Burst Stimulation-Induced Plasticity Implicate the Corticomotor System in Loss of Function After Musculoskeletal Injury. J Neurophysiol. 2021 Feb 17. PMID: 33596734.
Eagle SR, Collins MW, Dretsch MN, Uomoto JM, Connaboy C, Flanagan SD, Kontos AP. (2021). Network Analysis of Research on Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in US Military Service Members and Veterans During the Past Decade (2010–2019). J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2021 Mar 5. PMID: 33741827.
Proessl F, Canino MC, Beckner ME, Sinnott AM, Eagle SR, LaGoy AD, Conkright WR, Sterczala AJ, Connaboy C, Ferrarelli F, Germain A, Nindl BC, Flanagan SD. (2021). Characterizing Off-Target Corticospinal Responses to Double-Cone Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. Exp Brain Res. 2021 Feb 6. PMID: 33547521.
Eagle SR, Kontos AP, Collins MW, Connaboy C, Flanagan SD. (2021). Network Analysis of Sport-Related Concussion Research During the Past Decade (2010–2019). J Athl Train. 2021 Feb 4. PMID: 33543307.

2009–2020

Krajewski KT, Bansbach HM, McLean L, McKenzie C, Rawcliffe A, Graham SM, Flanagan SD, Pourmoghaddam A, Dettmer M, Connaboy C. (2020). Effects of Short-Term Unilateral Strength Training on Measures of Postural Control When Wearing "Operationally Relevant" Backpack Loads. J Strength Cond Res. 34(10):2743-2750. PMID: 32956262.
Krajewski KT, Dever DE, Johnson CC, Mi Q, Simpson RJ, Graham SM, Moir GL, Ahamed NU, Flanagan SD, Anderst WJ, Connaboy C. (2020). Load Magnitude and Locomotion Pattern Alter Locomotor System Function in Healthy Young Adult Women. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 8:582219. PMID: 33042981.
Beckner ME, Pihoker AA, Darnell ME, Beals K, Lovalekar MT, Proessl F, Flanagan SD, Arciero PJ, Nindl BC, Martin BJ. (2020). Effects of Multi-Ingredient Preworkout Supplements on Physical Performance, Cognitive Performance, Mood State, and Hormone Concentrations in Recreationally Active Men and Women. J Strength Cond Res. 2020 Jun 17. PMID: 32569125.
Eagle SR, Kontos AP, Sinnott AM, Beckner ME, Nindl BC, Flanagan SD, Lovalekar MT, Connaboy C. (2020). Utility of a Novel Perceptual-Motor Control Test for Identification of Sport-Related Concussion Beyond Current Clinical Assessments. J Sports Sci. 38(15):1799-1805. PMID: 32412332.
Proessl FS, Dretsch MN, Connaboy C, Lovalekar MT, Dunn-Lewis C, Canino MC, Sterczala AJ, Deshpande G, Katz J, Denney T, Flanagan SD. (2020). Structural Connectome Disruptions in Military Personnel With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. J Neurotrauma. 2020 Apr 28. PMID: 32340548.
Flanagan SD, Proessl F, Dunn-Lewis C, Canino MC, Sterczala AJ, Connaboy C, DuPont WH, Caldwell LK, Kraemer WJ. (2020). Constitutive and Stress-Induced Psychomotor Cortical Responses to Compound K Supplementation. Front Neurosci. 14:315. PMID: 32322188.
Krajewski KT, Dever DE, Johnson CC, Rawcliffe AJ, Ahamed NU, Flanagan SD, Mi Q, Anderst WJ, Connaboy C. (2020). Load Carriage Magnitude and Locomotion Strategy Alter Knee Total Joint Moment During Bipedal Ambulatory Tasks in Recruit-Aged Women. J Biomech. 2020 Apr 2:109772. PMID: 32279931.
Johnson CD, Eagle SR, Nindl BC, Lovalekar MT, Flanagan SD, Pepping GJ, Connaboy C. (2020). The Effects of Fatiguing Exercise and Load Carriage on the Perception and Initiation of Movement. Eur J Sport Sci. 2020 Feb;13:1-9. PMID: 32013782.
LaGoy AD, Johnson C, Allison KF, Flanagan SD, Lovalekar MT, Nagai T, Connaboy C. (2020). Compromised Dynamic Postural Stability Under Increased Load Carriage Magnitudes. J Appl Biomech. 36(3):160-166. PMID: 31914419.
Eagle SR, Kessels M, Johnson CD, Nijst B, Lovalekar MT, Krajewski KT, Flanagan SD, Nindl BC, Connaboy C. (2019). Bilateral Strength Asymmetries and Unilateral Strength Imbalance: Predicting Ankle Injury When Considered With Higher Body Mass in US Special Forces. J Athl Train. 54(5):497-504. PMID: 31074634.
Connaboy C, Eagle SR, Johnson CD, Flanagan SD, Mi QI, Nindl BC. (2019). Using Machine Learning to Predict Lower-Extremity Injury in US Special Forces. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 51(5):1073-1079. PMID: 30985586.
Johnson CD, Nijst BKJF, Eagle SR, Kessels MWM, Lovalekar MT, Krajewski KT, Flanagan SD, Nindl BC, Connaboy C. (2019). Evaluation of Shoulder Strength and Kinematics as Risk Factors for Shoulder Injury in United States Special Forces Personnel. Orthop J Sports Med. 7(3):2325967119831272. PMID: 30891463.
Flanagan SD, Beethe AZ, Eagle SR, Proessl F, Connaboy C, Dunn-Lewis C, Kraemer WJ. (2019). Blinding Success of Sham-Controlled Motor Cortex Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation Based on Participant Perceptions. Brain Stimul. 12(4):1058-1060. PMID: 30871844.
Eagle SR, Kontos AP, Mi QI, Flanagan SD, Nindl BC, Beals K, Connaboy C. (2019). Shared Neuromuscular Performance Traits in Military Personnel With Prior Concussion. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 51(8):1619-1625. PMID: 30845049.
Connaboy C, Johnson CD, LaGoy AD, Pepping GJ, Simpson RJ, Deng Z, Ma L, Bower JL, Eagle SR, Flanagan SD, Alfano CA. (2019). Intersession Reliability and Within-Session Stability of a Novel Perception–Action Coupling Task. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 90(2):77-83. PMID: 30670116.
Johnson CD, Eagle SE, Beethe AZ, Lovalekar MT, Nindl BC, Flanagan SD, Connaboy C. (2019). Profiles of Mood State Fatigue Scale Is Responsive to Fatiguing Protocol but Shows No Relationship to Perceived or Performance Decrements. Transl Sports Med. 2(1):34-42. 2019 Jan 10.
Flanagan SD, Sinnott AM, Krajewski KT, Johnson CD, Eagle SR, LaGoy AD, Beckner ME, Beethe AZ, Turner R, Lovalekar MT, Dunn-Lewis C, Connaboy C, Nindl BC. (2018). Prevention of Exertional Lower Body Musculoskeletal Injury in Tactical Populations: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Planned Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies From 1955 to 2018. Syst Rev. 7(1):73. PMID: 29729666.
Flanagan SD, Krajewski KT, Sinnott AM, Johnson CD, Eagle SR, LaGoy AD, Beckner ME, Beethe AZ, Turner R, Lovalekar MT, Dunn-Lewis C, Connaboy C, Nindl BC. (2018). Prediction of Exertional Lower Extremity Musculoskeletal Injury in Tactical Populations: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Planned Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies From 1955 to 2018. Syst Rev. 7(1):244. PMID: 30580762.
Szivak TK, Lee EC, Saenz C, Flanagan SD, Focht BC, Volek JS, Maresh CM, Kraemer WJ. (2018). Adrenal Stress and Physical Performance During Military Survival Training. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 89(2):99-107. PMID: 29463354.
Flanagan SD, DuPont WH, Caldwell LK, Hardesty VH, Barnhart EC, Beeler MK, Post EM, Volek JS, Kraemer WJ. (2018). The Effects of a Korean Ginseng, GINST15, on Hypo-Pituitary-Adrenal and Oxidative Activity Induced by Intense Work Stress. J Med Food. 21(1):104-112. PMID: 28981384.
Kraemer WJ, Ratamess NA, Flanagan SD, Shurley JP, Todd JS, Todd TC. (2017). Understanding the Science of Resistance Training: An Evolutionary Perspective. Sports Med. 47(12):2415-2435. PMID: 28918566.
Kraemer WJ, Kennett MJ, Mastro AM, McCarter RJ, Rogers CJ, DuPont WH, Flanagan SD, Turbitt WJ, Fragala MS, Post EM, Hymer WC. (2017). Bioactive Growth Hormone in Older Men and Women: Its Relationship to Immune Markers and Healthspan. Growth Horm IGF Res. 34:45-54. PMID: 28551577.
Kraemer WJ, Hooper DR, Kupchak BR, Saenz C, Brown LE, Vingren JL, Luk HY, DuPont WH, Szivak TK, Flanagan SD, Caldwell LK, Eklund D, Lee EC, Häkkinen K, Volek JS, Fleck SJ, Maresh CM. (2016). The Effects of a Roundtrip Trans-American Jet Travel on Physiological Stress, Neuromuscular Performance, and Recovery. J Appl Physiol (1985). 121(2):438-448. PMID: 27283914.
Looney DP, Kraemer WJ, Joseph MF, Comstock BA, Denegar CR, Flanagan SD, Newton RU, Szivak TK, DuPont WH, Hooper DR, Häkkinen K, Maresh CM. (2016). Electromyographical and Perceptual Responses to Different Resistance Intensities in a Squat Protocol: Does Performing Sets to Failure With Light Loads Produce the Same Activity? J Strength Cond Res. 30(3):792-799. PMID: 26270694.
Flanagan SD, Looney DP, Miller MJ, DuPont WH, Pryor L, Creighton BC, Sterczala AJ, Szivak TK, Hooper DR, Maresh CM, Volek JS, Ellis LA, Kraemer WJ. (2016). The Effects of Nitrate-Rich Supplementation on Neuromuscular Efficiency During Heavy Resistance Exercise. J Am Coll Nutr. 35(2):100-107. PMID: 26885762.
Sterczala AJ, DuPont WH, Comstock BA, Flanagan SD, Szivak TK, Hooper DR, Kupchak BR, Lee EC, Volek JS, Maresh CM, Kraemer WJ. (2016). Physiological Effects of Nucleotide Supplementation on Resistance Exercise Stress in Men and Women. J Strength Cond Res. 30(2):569-578. PMID: 26270693.
Mala J, Szivak TK, Flanagan SD, Comstock BA, Laferrier JZ, Maresh CM, Kraemer WJ. (2015). The Role of Strength and Power During Performance of High-Intensity Military Tasks Under Heavy Load Carriage. US Army Med Dep J. 2015 Apr–Jun:3-11. PMID: 26101902.
Luk HY, Kraemer WJ, Szivak TK, Flanagan SD, Hooper DR, Kupchak BR, Comstock BA, Dunn-Lewis C, Vingren JL, DuPont WH, Hymer WC. (2015). Acute Resistance Exercise Stimulates Sex-Specific Dimeric Immunoreactive Growth Hormone Responses. Growth Horm IGF Res. 25(3):136-140. PMID: 25934139.
Kraemer WJ, Hooper DR, Szivak TK, Kupchak BR, Dunn-Lewis C, Comstock BA, Flanagan SD, Looney DP, Sterczala AJ, DuPont WH, Pryor JL, Luk HY, Maladoungdock J, McDermott D, Volek JS, Maresh CM. (2015). The Addition of Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate and Isomaltulose to Whey Protein Improves Recovery From Highly Demanding Resistance Exercise. J Am Coll Nutr. 34(2):91-99. PMID: 25758255.
Hooper DR, Dulkis LL, Secola PJ, Holtzum G, Harper SP, Kalkowski RJ, Comstock BA, Szivak TK, Flanagan SD, Looney DP, DuPont WH, Maresh CM, Volek JS, Culley KP, Kraemer WJ. (2015). Roles of an Upper-Body Compression Garment on Athletic Performances. J Strength Cond Res. 29(9):2655-2660. PMID: 25719920.
Kraemer WJ, Gordon SE, Fragala MS, Bush JA, Szivak TK, Flanagan SD, Hooper DR, Looney DP, Triplett NT, DuPont WH, Dziados JE, Marchitelli LJ, Patton JF. (2015). The Effects of Exercise Training Programs on Plasma Concentrations of Proenkephalin Peptide F and Catecholamines. Peptides. 64:74-81. PMID: 25582563.
Hooper DR, Cook BM, Comstock BA, Szivak TK, Flanagan SD, Looney DP, DuPont WH, Kraemer WJ. (2015). Synthetic Garments Enhance Comfort, Thermoregulatory Response, and Athletic Performance Compared With Traditional Cotton Garments. J Strength Cond Res. 29(3):700-707. PMID: 25463694.
Flanagan SD, Dunn-Lewis C, Hatfield DL, Distefano LJ, Fragala MS, Shoap M, Gotwald M, Trail J, Gomez AL, Volek JS, Cortis C, Comstock BA, Hooper DR, Szivak TK, Looney DP, DuPont WH, McDermott DM, Gaudiose MC, Kraemer WJ. (2015). Developmental Differences Between Boys and Girls Result in Sex-Specific Physical Fitness Changes From Fourth to Fifth Grade. J Strength Cond Res. 29(1):175-180. PMID: 25187248.
Gordon SE, Kraemer WJ, Looney DP, Flanagan SD, Comstock BA, Hymer WC. (2014). The Influence of Age and Exercise Modality on Growth Hormone Bioactivity in Women. Growth Horm IGF Res. 24(2-3):95-103. PMID: 24786514.
Sterczala AJ, Flanagan SD, Looney DP, Hooper DR, Szivak TK, Comstock BA, DuPont WH, Martin GJ, Volek JS, Maresh CM, Kraemer WJ. (2014). Similar Hormonal Stress and Tissue Damage in Response to National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Football Games Played in Two Consecutive Seasons. J Strength Cond Res. 28(11):3234-3238. PMID: 25148465.
Kraemer WJ, Hatfield DL, Comstock BA, Fragala MS, Davitt PM, Cortis C, Wilson JM, Lee EC, Newton RU, Dunn-Lewis C, Häkkinen K, Szivak TK, Hooper DR, Flanagan SD, Looney DP, White MT, Volek JS, Maresh CM. (2014). Influence of HMB Supplementation and Resistance Training on Cytokine Responses to Resistance Exercise. J Am Coll Nutr. 33(4):247-255. PMID: 25140763.
Szivak TK, Kraemer WJ, Nindl BC, Gotshalk LA, Volek JS, Gomez AL, Dunn-Lewis C, Looney DP, Comstock BA, Hooper DR, Flanagan SD, Maresh CM. (2014). Relationships of Physical Performance Tests to Military-Relevant Tasks in Women. US Army Med Dep J. 2014 Apr–Jun:20-26. PMID: 24706238.
Hooper DR, Szivak TK, Comstock BA, Dunn-Lewis C, Apicella JM, Kelly NA, Creighton BC, Flanagan SD, Looney DP, Volek JS, Maresh CM, Kraemer WJ. (2014). Effects of Fatigue From Resistance Training on Barbell Back Squat Biomechanics. J Strength Cond Res. 28(4):1127-1134. PMID: 24662156.
Kraemer WJ, Boyd BM, Hooper DR, Fragala MS, Hatfield DL, Dunn-Lewis C, Comstock BA, Szivak TK, Flanagan SD, Looney DP, Newton RU, Vingren JL, Häkkinen K, White MT, Volek JS, Maresh CM. (2014). Epinephrine Preworkout Elevation May Offset Early Morning Melatonin Concentrations to Maintain Maximal Muscular Force and Power in Track Athletes. J Strength Cond Res. 28(9):2604-2610. PMID: 24513613.
Heavens KR, Szivak TK, Hooper DR, Dunn-Lewis C, Comstock BA, Flanagan SD, Looney DP, Kupchak BR, Maresh CM, Volek JS, Kraemer WJ. (2014). The Effects of High-Intensity Short-Rest Resistance Exercise on Muscle Damage Markers in Men and Women. J Strength Cond Res. 28(4):1041-1049. PMID: 24662155.
Flanagan SD, Mills MD, Sterczala AJ, Mala J, Comstock BA, Szivak TK, DuPont WH, Looney DP, McDermott DM, Hooper DR, White MT, Dunn-Lewis C, Volek JS, Maresh CM, Kraemer WJ. (2014). The Relationship Between Muscle Action and Repetition Maximum on the Squat and Bench Press in Men and Women. J Strength Cond Res. 28(9):2437-2442. PMID: 24343331.
Ho JY, Kraemer WJ, Volek JS, Vingren JL, Fragala MS, Flanagan SD, Maladouangdock J, Szivak TK, Hatfield DL, Comstock BA, Dunn-Lewis C, Ciccolo JT, Maresh CM. (2014). Effects of Resistance Exercise on the HPA Axis Response to Psychological Stress During Short-Term Smoking Abstinence in Men. Addict Behav. 39(3):695-698. PMID: 24290878.
Flanagan SD, Comstock BA, Dupont WH, Sterczala AJ, Looney DP, Dombrowski DH, McDermott DM, Bryce A, Maladouangdock J, Dunn-Lewis C, Luk HY, Szivak TK, Hooper DR, Kraemer WJ. (2014). Concurrent Validity of the Armour39 Heart Rate Monitor Strap. J Strength Cond Res. 28(3):870-873. PMID: 23860286.
Smith RA, Martin GJ, Szivak TK, Comstock BA, Dunn-Lewis C, Hooper DR, Flanagan SD, Looney DP, Volek JS, Maresh CM, Kraemer WJ. (2014). The Effects of Resistance Training Prioritization in NCAA Division I Football Summer Training. J Strength Cond Res. 28(1):14-22. PMID: 23698079.
Kraemer WJ, Flanagan SD, Volek JS, Nindl BC, Vingren JL, Dunn-Lewis C, Comstock BA, Hooper DR, Szivak TK, Looney DP, Maresh CM, Hymer WC. (2013). Resistance Exercise Induces Region-Specific Adaptations in Anterior Pituitary Gland Structure and Function in Rats. J Appl Physiol (1985). 115(11):1641-1647. PMID: 24092688.
Volek JS, Volk BM, Gómez AL, Kunces LJ, Kupchak BR, Freidenreich DJ, Aristizabal JC, Saenz C, Dunn-Lewis C, Ballard KD, Quann EE, Kawiecki DL, Flanagan SD, Comstock BA, Fragala MS, Earp JE, Fernandez ML, Bruno RS, Ptolemy AS, Kellogg MD, Maresh CM, Kraemer WJ. (2013). Whey Protein Supplementation During Resistance Training Augments Lean Body Mass. J Am Coll Nutr. 32(2):122-135. PMID: 24015719.
Kraemer WJ, Solomon-Hill G, Volk BM, Kupchak BR, Looney DP, Dunn-Lewis C, Comstock BA, Szivak TK, Hooper DR, Flanagan SD, Maresh CM, Volek JS. (2013). The Effects of Soy and Whey Protein Supplementation on Acute Hormonal Responses to Resistance Exercise in Men. J Am Coll Nutr. 32(1):66-74. PMID: 24015701.
Creighton BC, Kupchak BR, Aristizabal JC, Flanagan SD, Dunn-Lewis C, Volk BM, Comstock BA, Volek JS, Hooper DR, Szivak TK, Maresh CM, Kraemer WJ. (2013). Influence of Training on Markers of Platelet Activation in Response to a Bout of Heavy Resistance Exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol. 113(9):2203-2209. PMID: 23636696.
Comstock BA, Thomas GA, Dunn-Lewis C, Volek JS, Szivak TK, Hooper DR, Kupchak BR, Flanagan SD, Denegar CR, Kraemer WJ. (2013). Effects of Acute Resistance Exercise on Muscle Damage and Perceptual Measures Between Men Who Are Lean and Obese. J Strength Cond Res. 27(12):3488-3494. PMID: 23478480.
Kraemer WJ, Looney DP, Martin GJ, Ratamess NA, Vingren JL, French DN, Hatfield DL, Fragala MS, Spiering BA, Howard RL, Cortis C, Szivak TK, Comstock BA, Dunn-Lewis C, Hooper DR, Flanagan SD, Volek JS, Anderson JM, Maresh CM, Fleck SJ. (2013). Changes in Creatine Kinase and Cortisol in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I American Football Players During a Season. J Strength Cond Res. 27(2):434-441. PMID: 23358319.
Kraemer WJ, Fragala MS, van Henegouwen WR, Gordon SE, Bush JA, Volek JS, Triplett NT, Dunn-Lewis C, Comstock BA, Szivak TK, Flanagan SD, Hooper DR, Luk HY, Mastro AM. (2013). Responses of Proenkephalin Peptide F to Aerobic Exercise Stress in the Plasma and White Blood Cell Biocompartments. Peptides. 42:118-124. PMID: 23395721.
Flanagan SD, Dunn-Lewis C, Comstock BA, Maresh CM, Volek JS, Denegar CR, Kraemer WJ. (2012). Cortical Activity During a Highly-Trained Resistance Exercise Movement Emphasizing Force, Power or Volume. Brain Sci. 2(4):649-666. PMID: 24961265.
Dunn-Lewis C, Flanagan SD, Comstock BA, Maresh CM, Volek JS, Denegar CR, Kupchak BR, Kraemer WJ. (2011). Recovery Patterns in Electroencephalographic Global Field Power During Maximal Isometric Force Production. J Strength Cond Res. 25(10):2818-2827. PMID: 21857362.
Comstock BA, Solomon-Hill G, Flanagan SD, Earp JE, Luk HY, Dobbins KA, Dunn-Lewis C, Fragala MS, Ho JY, Hatfield DL, Vingren JL, Denegar CR, Volek JS, Kupchak BR, Maresh CM, Kraemer WJ. (2011). Validity of the Myotest® in Measuring Force and Power Production in the Squat and Bench Press. J Strength Cond Res. 25(8):2293-2297. PMID: 21747293.
Kraemer WJ, Flanagan SD, Comstock BA, Fragala MS, Earp JE, Dunn-Lewis C, Ho JY, Thomas GA, Solomon-Hill G, Penwell ZR, Powell MD, Wolf MR, Volek JS, Denegar CR, Maresh CM. (2010). Effects of a Whole-Body Compression Garment on Markers of Recovery After a Heavy Resistance Workout in Men and Women. J Strength Cond Res. 24(3):804-814. PMID: 20195085.
Kraemer W, Denegar C, Flanagan S. (2009). Recovery From Injury in Sport: Considerations in the Transition From Medical Care to Performance Care. Sports Health. 1(5):392-395. PMID: 23015898.

Journals

Cover of a book titled 'Experimental Brain Research' featuring a human brain illustration with neural network lines and a green, blue, and red color scheme.

Pink background with white text reading 'JAMA Network Open'

Cover of a publication titled "Gait & Posture," volume 123 from January 2026, published by Elsevier.

Cover of the March 2023 issue of the Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology featuring a pink and blue theme, title text, and a graphic of a medical professional conducting a procedure.

Digital illustration of a human brain highlighted in blue with neural networks.

Scientists in a lab looking through microscopes

Cover of the Journal of Sports Sciences with a green background and minimalist line drawing of a running figure.

Cover of a scientific journal titled 'Brain Research' with a graphic of a glowing yellow neuron with nerve-like connections on a blue background.

Cover of the American Journal of Sport and Medicine featuring athletes competing in various sports.

Cover page of the Journal of Athletic Training, published by the National Athletic Trainers' Association, featuring the journal's title and logos.

The cover of Nature Scientific Reports journal with a red top section displaying 'nature' and a white section with the title 'SCIENTIFIC REPORTS' and graphic of interconnected gears.

Cover of the journal 'Chronobiology International' featuring a human silhouette with a focus on internal organs, set against a red background with clock and gear graphics.

Cover of the Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine featuring a digital illustration of a human figure running, with a background split between red on the left and gray on the right.

Watercolor painting of a basket of green apples, red apples, and peaches on a cloth background.

A person's hand holding a mirror reflecting their eye and face

Cover of the journal 'Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic & Clinical,' volume 261, published October 2025, featuring a diagram of the nervous system and cardiovascular interactions related to autonomic control.

$Cover of 'Physiological Reports', celebrating 10 years, features an abstract, colorful fractal design with swirling patterns and vibrant hues.$

Two astronauts in space suits standing on a grassy hill at sunset or sunrise with streaks of light in the sky behind them.

The front page of a newspaper called the 'Journal,' featuring headlines, articles, and a black-and-white photograph of a landscape scene.

Cover of the June 2024 issue of Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise journal, showing a stylized human figure made of dots with DNA helix and scientific lines in the background.

Cover of Journal of Applied Biomechanics featuring a male athlete in a forward bend with biomechanical annotations on muscles and joints.

Cover of a journal titled 'The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness,' Volume 65, Issue 12, December 2025, published by Minerva Medica. The cover features several sports images, including running, tennis, cycling, swimming, volleyball, and ice hockey.

Cover of a sports medicine book with a red background and digital wireframe figures of runners.

Cover of a book titled 'Physiological Genomics' featuring digital illustrations of marine creatures, a globe, and scientific symbols on a green background.

Four men in red and white shirts and masks celebrating a sports victory, hugging each other excitedly on a sports field.

Cover of the January 2018 issue of the Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research with a stylized staircase graphic and a blue background.

Cover of the Journal of Neurophysiology (JNP) featuring abstract artwork with black ink sketches on a textured background and bold pink 'JNP' title

Cover of The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation featuring a pink background and images of brain scans.

Cover of a medical book titled 'Translational Sports Medicine' with MRI scan images of knees.

Cover page of the European Journal of Sport Science, published by Wiley.

Cover of a book titled 'Brain Stimulation' with an illustration of a medical device on the front.

Cover of the European Journal of Applied Physiology featuring a digital representation of the globe and the journal's title

Cover of Journal of Applied Physiology featuring a woman running, a dog, a pig, a dog, and a bird.

Book cover titled 'Addictive Behaviors: An International Journal'

Medical illustration of a human head and neck showing the brain and spinal cord in red within a semi-transparent skull and neck outline.

Cover of a book titled 'BMC Systematic Reviews' with a blue background and geometric shapes.

Cover of a publication titled 'SLEEP,' with a gradient background from purple to orange, featuring a detailed illustration of a human brain with sleep activity waveforms in the background. Logos of the Sleep Research Society and Oxford University Press are at the bottom.

Cover of the journal "Physiology & Behavior" featuring a white mouse on a maze with white walls and some colored blocks.

Cover page for a publication titled 'Growth Hormone & IGF' related to clinical aspects of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor with logos at the bottom.

Cover page of the Journal of Neurotrauma, Volume 37, Number 19, October 1, 2020, featuring illustrations of the human brain and nervous system on the left side, and multiple brain scan images in the center.

Cover page of 'Sleep Health' journal featuring a surreal painting of a horse with trees for legs walking on ice, with a floating apple above.

Cover of the journal 'Perceptual and Motor Skills' with a light blue background and white wave design, titled volume 132, number 6, December 2025.

Sports Health magazine cover with images of athletes in various sports, including football, cycling, soccer, and basketball, with the title 'Sports Health' and subtitle 'A Multidisciplinary Approach'.